How can urinary catheters lead to HAIs?

Urinary catheters can lead to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) primarily because they can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. When a catheter is inserted, it bypasses the natural defense mechanisms of the urethra and bladder, creating a direct pathway through which pathogens can enter. Once bacteria gain access via the catheter, they can colonize the urinary tract, leading to infections such as cystitis or more serious conditions like pyelonephritis.

The risk of contamination is heightened if the catheter is not handled properly, or if it remains in place for extended periods, allowing for biofilm formation and bacterial growth. Maintaining strict aseptic technique during insertion and ongoing care is crucial to minimizing this risk. Regular monitoring and judicious use of catheters are essential strategies in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).